Other research papers delve into the component level and propose appropriate control schemes for the MG components. In fact, since increasing trends of peak loads are a significant challenge by the power systems, the authors of deal with electricity consumption optimization and analyse through various scenarios how distributed energy resources can affect the load curve. The authors of expand their work on, where they consider the optimal operation of multi-microgrids by additionally investigating how different demand response programs affect the operational cost and the peak load shaving. proposes an optimal operation scheme of MGs through the utilisation of agents and a central energy management system to determine the optimal dispatch for the various devices involved.
Significant amounts of research have lately been devoted in the optimal design and operation of MGs. In fact, MGs can have a diverse role in the future smart grids and based on their control capabilities they can perform the following functions : The operation of micro-sources in the network can provide distinct benefits to the overall system performance, if managed and coordinated efficiently, as suggested by the literature. These systems can be operated both in a non-autonomous (i.e., when interconnected to the grid) and an autonomous way (i.e., when in islanded mode). Typically, MGs are comprised of low voltage (LV) distribution systems with distributed energy resources (DER) (micro-turbines, fuel cells, photovoltaics, etc.) together with storage devices (flywheels, energy capacitors and batteries) and flexible loads. Microgrids (MGs) are expected to form a part of this effort, in the context of transforming the traditional operation of electricity systems towards a more decentralised approach. The world has lately undergone a global decarbonisation and decentralisation effort that still continues to this day. Finally, an assessment of the capabilities of the utilised optimisation platform is conducted, and a theoretical discussion sheds some light on the proposal for an enhanced design tool addressing the identified issues.
A sensitivity analysis is also performed to evaluate design robustness against the uncertainty pertaining to fuel prices and PV generation. The commercial software, HOMER Pro, is utilised to identify the least-cost design among hundreds of options and simultaneously satisfy the secondary objective. Additionally, the CO 2 emissions are calculated to demonstrate the environmental benefit the proposed system offers. A multi-objective, non-derivative optimisation is considered in this residential application the primary objective is the system cost minimisation, while it is also required that no load shedding is allowed.
It is comprised of photovoltaic (PV) arrays and a diesel generator, AC loads, and battery energy storage devices for ensuring uninterruptible power supply during prolonged periods of low sunshine. This paper is concerned with the design of an autonomous hybrid alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) microgrid for a community system, located on an island without the possibility of grid connection.